Details
SHOPS Plus (2019)
THE PRIVATE SECTOR & FAMILY PLANNING
20 Essential Resources
Details
Organizing the Private Sector to Support UHC Goals
Publication
Webpage
SHOPS Plus (2018)
Stewarding the Private Sector for Family Planning
Details
Expanding Access to Voluntary Family Planning Services
SIFPO2 (2019)
Details
Evaluating the Impact of Social Franchising on FP in Kenya
PSI (2016)
Curated by
KNOWLEDGE SUCCESS, HP+, SIFPO2 & SHOPS PLUS
How to use this collection
Details
The resources are organized by focus area.
Organizing Private Providers Enabling Environment Total Market Approach Innovative Financing
Icons demonstrate the resource format.
Details
Details
Organizing Private Providers
Organizing Private Providers
Details
How and Why Social Norms Matter for Sustainable Development
Learning Collaborative to Advance Normative Change (2019)
Contributors
Design: Sophie Weiner
Writer and technical input: Elizabeth Corley
Copyedit and review: Anne Kott, Shannon Davis
About Knowledge SUCCESS
Knowledge SUCCESS (Strengthening Use, Capacity, Collaboration, Exchange, Synthesis, and Sharing) is a five-year (2019-2024) global project led by a consortium of partners and funded by USAID’s Office of Population and Reproductive Health to support learning, and create opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange, within the family planning and reproductive health community. We use an intentional and systematic approach, called knowledge management, to help programs and organizations working in family planning and reproductive health collect knowledge and information, organize it, connect others to it, and make it easier for people to use.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
About Support for International Family Planning and Health Organizations 2 (SIFPO2)
A USAID-funded program designed to strengthen family planning programs and other health services worldwide, with a focus on strengthening private sector channels including social franchise networks.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
This collection was curated and published in March 2021. Resource links were active at the date of publication. Images courtesy of John Kihoro/Tupange (Jhpiego Kenya); Radha Rajan; Dominic Chavez/World Bank; Population Services Kenya/Ezra Abaga; Chhor Sokunthea/World Bank; Elizabeth Corley; Jessica Scranton; Ollivier Girard; Arne Hoel/World Bank; Gurmeet Sapal/PSI; SHOPS Plus; Health Policy Plus; Aisha Faquir/World Bank; Images of Empowerment; Israel Seoane
Acknowledgements
This collection is made possible is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Knowledge SUCCESS (Strengthening Use, Capacity, Collaboration, Exchange, Synthesis, and Sharing) Project. Knowledge SUCCESS is supported by USAID’s Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health and led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs (CCP) in partnership with Amref Health Africa, The Busara Center for Behavioral Economics (Busara), and FHI 360. The contents of this webpage are the sole responsibility of CCP. The information provided on this webpage does not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government, or the Johns Hopkins University.
Icons demonstrate the resource format.
Organizing Private Providers
Organizing Private Providers
Organizing Private Providers
Details
SIFPO2 (2015)
Training Health Providers in Youth-Friendly Health Services
Enabling Environment
Details
Details
Strengthening FP stewardship with a total market approach
Palladium (2018)
Total Market Approach
Details
Details
Shaping the Family Planning Market by Strengthening the Public Sector
SIFPO2, PSI (2017)
Total Market Approach
Details
Details
Sustainable Growth of Uganda’s FP Market through Improved Private Sector Engagement
Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2018)
Total Market Approach
Details
Details
Health Policy Plus (2019)
An Assessment of Private Healthcare Provision in Cambodia
Enabling Environment
Details
Details
Regulation of Drug Shops and Pharmacies Relevant to FP
SHOPS Plus (2017)
Enabling Environment
Details
Details
Expanding Access to Injectable Contraceptives through Pharmacies
SHOPS Plus (2019)
Enabling Environment
Details
Details
Making your health services youth-friendly
SIFPO2 (2014)
Enabling Environment
Details
Details
Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2020)
Blended Finance for Family Planning
Innovative Financing
Details
Details
Integrating Family Planning into Universal Health Coverage Efforts
SHOPS Plus (2018)
Innovative Financing
Details
Details
Opportunities for Achieving Sustainable FP Financing in Ethiopia
Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2019)
Innovative Financing
Details
Details
Survey of Private Hospitals in the Era of Indonesia's Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional
Palladium, Health Policy Plus, TNP2K (2018)
Innovative Financing
Details
Details
SHOPS Plus (2017)
Phases of Social Marketing
Total Market Approach
Details
Details
Private Sector Counts
SHOPS Plus
Total Market Approach
Details
Details
Family Planning Market Analyzer
SHOPS Plus
Total Market Approach
Details
Details
The relationship between wealth and use of health services in the private sector
PSI (2016)
Total Market Approach
Details
In many countries, public sector stewards are increasingly interested in working with the private sector to help achieve family planning goals and universal health coverage, but they often lack the skills, information, and resources to do so. This primer highlights examples of successful efforts by public stewards to engage the private health sector in the areas of policy and strategy development, regulation, and supervision. Based on these examples, the primer recommends approaches for donors, implementing partners, and governments to consider as they seek to improve public stewardship of private providers for better family planning outcomes.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
Get The Resource
The primer focuses on three aspects of stewardship—policy and strategy development, regulations, and supervision—and presents successful country efforts in each area. It then concludes with a forward-looking discussion of key considerations for donors, implementing partners, and governments to consider as they seek to improve public stewardship of private providers for better family planning outcomes.
SHOPS Plus (2019)
Stewarding the Private Sector for Family Planning
Why is it essential?
Get The Resource
Why is it essential?
Past experiences offer lessons that can guide stakeholders in future efforts. Through the examples of the six countries highlighted in this primer, the lessons learned from these accounts can serve as principles to guide future organizing efforts as family planning advocates look to capitalize on universal health coverage opportunities.
Efforts to organize the private sector can benefit from past experience with private health care providers, who are important sources of family planning products and services. In many countries, the private health sector is fragmented, making it difficult for providers to engage with one another, the public sector, and donors—stakeholders whose participation they need to address issues related to policy, quality of care, and financing. SHOPS Plus examined six diverse countries (Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, Germany, and South Africa) that have successfully organized private providers to identify lessons on strengthening their voice, improving quality of care, and expanding their access to revenue opportunities. This primer concludes with five principles for organizing the private sector: (1) identify and leverage the right motivations and incentives; (2) strong, local leadership is a key to continued success; (3) target the membership base appropriately; (4) determine organizing strategies based on end goals; and (5) monitor, learn, and adapt.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus (2018)
Organizing the Private Sector to Support Universal Health Coverage Goals
Get The Resource
Why is it essential?
To develop well-functioning mixed health systems at scale, the findings of this report suggest that actions and assistance by the public sector must complement private sector-led engagement efforts. This report highlights the challenges for expanding access to family planning through the private sector in contexts where government capacity and functions for private sector engagement are still emerging and evolving.
Many low- and middle-income countries have committed to ambitious family planning goals, including expanding access to and choice of high-quality family planning services and products. These initiatives are often underpinned by service delivery in both the public and private health care sectors. This report provides insights on engaging the private sector within national stewardship and financing systems for family planning. Insights are of relevance to global and national funders, as well as stewards and managers of FP programs.
About SIFPO2
A USAID-funded program designed to strengthen family planning programs and other health services worldwide, with a focus on strengthening private sector channels including social franchise networks.
SIFPO2 Project, Results for Development Institute (2019)
Expanding Access to Voluntary Family Planning Services
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Why is it essential?
This study indicates that access to a franchise is correlated with access to and increased use of long-acting or permanent methods, which are more effective, and cost-effective, methods of family planning. While franchised facilities may provide additional points of access for family planning and other services, the presence of the franchise does not, in and of itself, increase the use of family planning in Kenya.
In Kenya, as in many low-income countries, the private sector is an important component of health service delivery and of providing access to preventive and curative health services. The Tunza Social Franchise Network, operated by Population Services Kenya, is Kenya’s largest network of private providers, comprising 329 clinics. Franchised clinics are only one source of family planning, and this study seeks to understand whether access to a franchise increases the overall use or provides another alternative for women who would have found family planning services in the public sector.
About PSI
PSI makes it easier for all people to lead healthier lives and plan the families they desire.
PSI (2016)
Evaluating the Impact of Social Franchising on Family Planning in Kenya
Get The Resource
Why is it essential?
The insights found from this Cambodian assessment can be used by policymakers to identify opportunities to improve engagement with private sector providers and strengthen the whole health system.
Cambodia’s private healthcare sector is the first point of contact for most Cambodians within the health system and, as such, plays an important role in increasing access to health services. However, the current policy and regulatory environment is oriented more toward the public sector. HP+ collected perspectives from private health facility owners and managers to gain insight into how existing laws and regulations are implemented and perceived. Specifically, the brief explores laws and regulations pertaining to opening, operating, or transferring ownership of a private health facility, including accreditation, facility management, and quality assurance, as well as interaction between private facilities and government entities.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
Health Policy Plus (2019)
A Legal and Regulatory Assessment of Private Healthcare Provision in Cambodia: Private Providers’ Perceptions
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Why is it essential?
This global overview of 32 countries provides a starting point for family planning practitioners to consider the enabling environment needed to promote the role of pharmacies and drug shops in the provision of modern family methods. In partnership with national governments, implementers can continue to build the evidence on policy reforms that promote product access, quality, and safety.
Private pharmacies and drug shops play an important role in providing family planning and other priority health services in many countries. Before designing programs to strengthen and expand this role, donors and implementing partners must first understand what is allowed within the current legal and regulatory framework. The SHOPS Plus project documented the policies, laws, and regulations that shape how pharmacies and drug shops operate and what modern family planning methods they can provide in 32 USAID priority countries. This report presents the result of that scan and discusses key findings that emerged across countries.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus (2017)
Regulation of Drug Shops and Pharmacies Relevant to Family Planning: A Scan of 32 Developing Countries
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Why is it essential?
Becoming a youth-friendly service provider not only ensures that young people get the care and support they need, but it means providers can significantly increase their health impact. (Also available in French and Spanish.)
The guide provides an overview of the global need for youth-friendly service provision and key recommendations for developing/strengthening sexual and reproductive health services so that providers are better able to engage and retain young people in care. All of the information found in the guide comes from evidence-based best practices in the field of adolescent and young adult sexual and reproductive health. The guide will help providers assess their services, identify gaps, and develop action plans using tools that have been adapted from existing best practices. It also provides three youth-friendly services checklists, adapted from existing tools that have been deemed best practices. The checklists can help providers evaluate a service at the service delivery site, assess the client-provider relationship and measure client satisfaction through talking to youth. Additional resources and links are provided at the back of the guide.
This guide is for anyone involved in the provision of sexual and reproductive health services—health care providers, service administrators, program planners, researchers and implementers
About SIFPO2
A USAID-funded program designed to strengthen family planning programs and other health services worldwide, with a focus on strengthening private sector channels including social franchise networks.
SIFPO2 (2014)
Making your health services youth-friendly: A guide for program planners and implementers
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Why is it essential?
This toolkit contains six resources designed to help pharmacy associations become effective advocates and begin working to change policies in their countries. (Also available in French.)
Across the 69 Family Planning 2020 focus countries, one in five married women of reproductive age have an unmet need for modern contraceptive methods. One of the barriers that keeps people from accessing quality family planning services is a shortage of health care workers in their country.
Task sharing, or the sharing of certain responsibilities among health workers of various levels, is a promising strategy for countries facing this issue. The World Health Organization recommends that injectable contraceptives be administered by pharmacists. Despite these recommendations, pharmacists in many countries are unable to administer injectable contraceptives due to policies that prohibit pharmacists and medicine sellers from providing “medical services,” which includes the administration of injectable contraceptives. This misalignment between the World Health Organization and country policies presents an opportunity to advocate for an expanded scope of practice for pharmacists.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus (2019)
Expanding Access to Injectable Contraceptives through Pharmacies
Get The Resource
Why is it essential?
The experiences from Mali, Uganda, and Kenya suggest that introducing the total market approach framework has strengthened the key stewardship functions for reproductive health and family planning program markets recognizing the strategic role of the private sector in building multi-sectoral relationships. The experiences from these three cases may be valuable to other countries looking to strengthen multi-sectoral coordination and private sector engagement for reproductive health and family planning program markets and other health areas.
To improve overall market sustainability, governments and their donors are ramping up efforts to strengthen stewardship in developing country health markets. Key stewardship functions include generating intelligence that enable policymakers, ministerial leaders, and program managers to develop evidence‐based policies and strategies to improve the resource management, supply, and use of health products and services. The total market approach, an analytic and policy framework, generates market intelligence and improves evidence‐based decision‐making, and also strengthens other stewardship functions, such as building and sustaining partnerships, strengthening tools for implementation, aligning government policy with market interventions, and ensuring accountability/transparency. The total market approach evolved in response to the phase out of donor support for reproductive health and family planning programs and the need to improve coordination among public, private, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society to achieve greater equity, health impact, and market sustainability. To assess the total market approach role in strengthening the stewardship of reproductive health and family planning program markets, this article reviews three countries that applied total market approach principles: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya. It identifies how total market approach processes influenced stewardship functions and assesses to what degree these processes have contributed to concrete actions to improve market efficiency and sustainability.
About Palladium
Palladium works with governments, businesses, and investors to solve the world's most pressing challenges.
Palladium (2018)
Strengthening family planning stewardship with a total market approach: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya experiences
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Why is it essential?
This guide provides trainers and facilitators tips for planning and organizing a youth-friendly health services training, best practices in facilitation, sample agendas, and a range of activities that can be used in a youth-friendly health services training.
Becoming a youth-friendly service provider not only ensures that young people get the care and support they need, but it means significantly increasing health impact. Young people have very present needs, concerns, and valuable contributions—to us and to society. Investing in their health not only improves public health, but also increases countries’ potential for stability, progress, and prosperity. This guide is for trainers and facilitators who will be training health providers in the provision of youth-friendly health services.
About SIFPO2
A USAID-funded program designed to strengthen family planning programs and other health services worldwide, with a focus on strengthening private sector channels including social franchise networks.
SIFPO2 (2015)
Training Health Providers in Youth-Friendly Health Services
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Why is it essential?
As demonstrated in this program brief, a total market approach can lead to solutions involving public sector service delivery to expand family planning access and choice. These cases demonstrate how PSI identifies market failures that can be addressed in the public sector; how PSI’s in-country network members collaborate with stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions; and how these solutions are delivered in the form of programs that improve family planning services.
Total market approaches (TMA) are critical for achieving universal health coverage, which is the goal of ensuring that all people have access to quality health care, including voluntary family planning, without facing undue financial hardship. The term “TMA” is often associated with efforts to direct clients who can pay for services to the private sector to allow subsidies in the public sector to better reach the clients with the greatest financial need. However, Population Services International’s (PSI) approach to TMA involves solutions that involve both the public and private sector players at the levels of supply, demand and the enabling environment.
This program brief presents cases, supported by several different donors, which take into consideration the total family planning market. The TMA lens helped PSI to prioritize interventions that strengthen service delivery in the public sector.
About SIFPO2
A USAID-funded program designed to strengthen family planning programs and other health services worldwide, with a focus on strengthening private sector channels including social franchise networks.
About Population Services International
PSI makes it easier for all people to lead healthier lives and plan the families they desire.
SIFPO2, Population Services International (2017)
Shaping the Family Planning Market by Strengthening the Public Sector
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Why is it essential?
The strategies described in this primer are not based on immutable truths or strict rules, but designed to be adaptable to the evidence in a specific local context. Social marketing is a flexible methodology that cannot be reduced to a few established models of implementation, but should be tailored to development goals, and allowed to evolve with the market, increasing country ownership, and organizational self-determination.
This primer is intended to help health officers employed with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to design and support appropriate and sustainable social marketing programs from start-up to graduation. Focusing on social marketing programs funded by USAID to increase the use of family planning commodities through the private sector, the primer provides a simple framework to align investment decisions with sustainability planning over the life of a program. This primer is part of a series that includes two briefs: Social Marketing Advocacy for USAID Health Officers and Advocating for Social Marketing Programs to Local Stakeholders. The three publications aim to support internal USAID discussions about social marketing and advocacy with local stakeholders.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus (2017)
Phases of Social Marketing
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Why is it essential?
A key finding of this Ugandan analysis is the importance of establishing an inclusive coordination mechanism that supports and is led by political champions for commercial private sector engagement in family planning. An investment in advocacy and communication that shifts the mind-set of policymakers and society about free health and family size is needed to boost contraceptive prevalence in the long term.
The Ministry of Health in Uganda is taking concrete steps—such as developing a national Total Market Approach Strategy—to engage the private sector in the family planning market. To provide a more thorough understanding of the political and economic dynamics affecting implementation of a robust total market approach in Uganda, HP+ undertook a political economy analysis. The analysis investigates why the Ugandan government and family planning stakeholders have not been able to fully engage the commercial health sector, and how the government can better work with the private sector to increase access to family planning and make the market more sustainable. This brief provides findings and recommendations to help the Ministry of Health reach its goal of doubling the size of the commercial sector by 2020.
About Palladium
Palladium works with governments, businesses, and investors to solve the world's most pressing challenges.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2018)
Sustainable Growth of Uganda’s Family Planning Market through Improved Private Sector Engagement: A Political Economy Analysis
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Why is it essential?
With easy-to-access data from 24 countries on where clients access family planning products and sick child care, implementers can use a total market approach to design programs that increase access to quality services throughout the health system.
Private Sector Counts provides information on sources for family planning services and sick child care, which is critical for successful program implementation.
As users of the tool will find, both the public and private sectors are important sources for family planning and sick child care. Use of public and private sources vary considerably by country and demographic characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, and urban/rural residence.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus
Private Sector Counts
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Why is it essential?
The Family Planning Market Analyzer combines data from Demographic and Health Surveys and FP2020's projections of modern contraceptive prevalence to allow users to explore potential scenarios for a total market approach. The tool can be used to inform total market approach discussions by providing key results linked to probing questions.
The Family Planning Market Analyzer is an interactive web-based tool that allow users to look at the current family planning market and explore potential scenarios for a total market approach. It combines method mix and source mix data from Demographic and Health Surveys, FP2020's projections of modern contraceptive prevalence, and projections of the number of women of reproductive age from the UN Population Division, as well as poverty headcount data from the World Bank.
The tool can be used to inform total market approach discussions by providing key results linked to probing questions. For example, if the private sector doubled its role in implant provision, how many more services would need to be provided? This tool translates theoretical discussions about making changes in the public or private sector into what those changes would mean in terms of users, visits, and commodities.
The tool itself is organized into modules. The first looks at the current national landscape (a 2020 projection), focusing on the number of users by method and sector. The second module explores policy scenarios by changing method mix, source mix, or both together. This module also includes a policy scenario generator which lets you look at key questions around potential shifts to the market in the future, which in the tool is 2023.
There are also three additional modules to look at the market among key segments: age and marital status, urban/rural residence, and income level. For each of these modules there are results exploring the baseline 2020 scenario, then projections can be made based on changes to the source mix for each segment.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus
Family Planning Market Analyzer
Get The Resource
Why is it essential?
A review of the literature regarding use of health services by sector and wealth reveals that services must be looked at separately. Although a country may be labeled as having a strong private sector this does not immediately correlate to higher private sector use for all health needs. This review and analysis looked first at the published literature on differences in use of public versus private sector care in low- and middle- income countries. These differences may be attributed to wealth, geographic location, or health service sought.
In order to understand if and how well the poor are being served at health facilities, social franchises and other service providers have begun to systematically assess the wealth of their clients. Understanding whether or not the relatively poor are seeking health services at a particular type of facility is only moderately helpful without associated context. If the poor are not coming to one type of facility, are they instead seeking care at another facility type? Does the wealth profile of clients differ based upon the type of service being sought?
While this analysis found some information in the published literature to describe this relationship, analyses did not differentiate between the variety of non-public sector facilities, or aggregated results from individual countries into regions. Studies made clear that there is variation in the use of the private sector by the relatively poor—regionally, and by reason for seeking care.
Data from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Haiti, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal and Zambia was examined to understand the use of FP and child health services across different public and private sector facility types, and by wealth. The results are represented in a series of graphs, and indicate that there are distinct regional and country differences in the use of clinics versus pharmacies, care-seeking for a sick child, and use of the public versus private sector, across wealth quintiles.
About PSI
PSI makes it easier for all people to lead healthier lives and plan the families they desire.
Population Services International (2016)
The relationship between wealth and use of health services in the private sector: A literature review and secondary data analysis focusing on family planning and common childhood illness
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Why is it essential?
Several blended finance opportunities have been identified that have the potential to mobilize additional resources to improve the sustainability of and access to family planning programs. With creative, cross-sectoral approaches, it is possible to pilot promising models and scale them, decreasing the financing gap for family planning.
The use of blended finance—defined as the strategic use of public and philanthropic resources to mobilize private capital to achieve development outcomes—is growing rapidly. However, its application to the health sector has been limited, representing only 3 percent of transactions in recent years. Blended finance for family planning programming has been unexplored, despite evidence that investment in this service area has cascading benefits to multiple sectors and supports sustainable development goals. In this context, HP+ assessed financing challenges within family planning programs and explored whether blended finance can be used to address them. In this brief, HP+ presents promising blended finance opportunities for engagement by donors and country leaders.
About Palladium
Palladium works with governments, businesses, and investors to solve the world's most pressing challenges.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2020)
Blended Finance for Family Planning: Mobilizing Private Capital for Persisting Challenges
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Why is it essential?
This brief describes common approaches used to finance health within the context of universal health coverage and the significance of these approaches for family planning. The authors focus on the role of private health providers and the mechanisms used to pay them.
The global movement to reach universal health coverage presents opportunities to advance family planning goals. The family planning community has a keen interest in whether and how the full range of contraceptive services can be made accessible, particularly to underserved populations such as youth or the poor, within broader initiatives that aim to achieve universal health coverage.
Making progress toward universal health coverage and satisfying unmet need for family planning is a long-term process, but one that can be accelerated. Advocates can champion better coverage of family planning by building the evidence base, promoting inclusion of private providers, and gaining a better understanding of the concepts and language of health financing.
About SHOPS Plus
USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health, the project seeks to harness the full potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning, HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other health areas.
SHOPS Plus (2018)
Integrating Family Planning into Universal Health Coverage Efforts
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Why is it essential?
This analysis demonstrates that Ethiopia’s reliance on donor financing for family planning is not inevitable; significant, potential sources of domestic financing do exist through multiple financing mechanisms. If the government wishes to ensure a more certain future for critical health programs, like family planning, and for its citizens, it must begin to promote domestic financing sources and transition away from donor dependence.
Ethiopia’s family planning program has made significant progress over the past two decades with the number of modern contraceptive users increasing ten-fold. However, the country is facing flattening and potentially declining financial support for family planning from development partners. In this report, HP+ examines Ethiopia’s prospect for achieving adequate, sustainable domestic financing for family planning. A three-part framework that considers family planning clients, providers, and payers was developed and applied to present a range of potential financing options and mechanisms, particularly within the context of health financing reforms in support of Ethiopia’s efforts to achieve universal health coverage. Overall, the analysis finds that Ethiopia can make significant progress toward achieving sustainable, domestic financing of family planning and provides specific policy and programmatic recommendations for doing so.
About Palladium
Palladium works with governments, businesses, and investors to solve the world's most pressing challenges.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
Palladium, Health Policy Plus (2019)
Opportunities for Achieving Sustainable Family Planning Financing in Ethiopia
The Impact of Population, Health, and Environment Project
The Evidence Project (2015)
Details
Organizing Private Providers
Healthy People, Healthy Ecosystems Projects
World Wildlife Fund (2008)
Details
Organizing Private Providers
Family Planning HIPs Can Improve PHE Program Outcomes
Population Reference Bureau (2018)
Details
Organizing Private Providers
The Impact of Population, Health, and Environment Project
The Evidence Project (2015)
Details
Enabling Environment
Healthy People, Healthy Ecosystems Projects
World Wildlife Fund (2008)
Details
Enabling Environment
Family Planning HIPs Can Improve PHE Program Outcomes
Population Reference Bureau (2018)
Details
Enabling Environment
PHE as a Biodiversity Conservation Strategic Approach
ICF, Environmental Incentives (2018)
Details
Enabling Environment
PHE eLearning course
Global Health eLearning Center (2016)
Details
Enabling Environment
Removing Barriers to FP: Background Paper and Call to Action
Margaret Pyke Trust (2019)
Details
Total Market Approach
PHE Integration Programming Manual
PHE Ethiopia Consortium (2018)
Details
Total Market Approach
PHE Partnerships Guide
PHE Network Madagascar, Blue Ventures (2017)
Details
Total Market Approach
PHE Approaches Enhance Youth Leadership and Development
PACE (2018)
Details
Total Market Approach
New Research Links FP and MCH to Boosting Resilience
PACE (2018)
Details
Total Market Approach
A Guide for Monitoring and Evaluation PHE Programs
MEASURE Evaluation (2018)
Details
Total Market Approach
Linking FP to Resilience in the Sahel
Evidence to Action Project (2019)
Details
Total Market Approach
HoPE-LVB Interactive Toolkit
Pathfinder International (2017)
Details
Innovative Financing
Community of Hope: A Look at HoPE-LVB Project
PACE (2018)
Details
Innovative Financing
Institutionalizing Integration through PHE Advocacy in
East Africa
Pathfinder International (2018)
Details
Innovative Financing
Working Together: PHE in Madagascar
John Snow Inc (2019)
Details
Innovative Financing
The private health sector is a critical partner for advancing health outcomes. In sub-Saharan Africa, 50 percent of family planning clients obtain their methods from private providers. In Asia, the number rises to 65 percent. Similarly, for the treatment of childhood illnesses, the majority of caregivers turn to private providers. Only by fully engaging with this sector of the health system can we achieve global health coverage and equity goals.
To accelerate improvement in family planning markets, USAID asked the Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus project to lead the development of a curated collection of the most essential resources on the private health sector for family planning programs and policymakers. (Read more about how the collection was developed.)
These 20 publications and online tools have been chosen for their contributions to the evidence base and either broad geographic applicability or presentation of new data or methodologies.
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Why is it essential?
This analysis confirms growth in private hospital infrastructure in the JKN era between 2013 and 2016, with a significant decline in out-of-pocket spending at BPJS-K-contracted hospitals.
Indonesia’s national health insurance scheme (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or JKN) is a key element of the Government of Indonesia’s (GOI) commitment to ensuring equitable access to healthcare, especially for the poor and the near-poor. JKN’s contracting with private providers was expected to expand reach faster than simply working through the public sector. The single-payer agency for JKN, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial-Kesehatan (BPJS-K), contracts private clinics under capitation and pays hospitals through case-based groups. In September 2017, 60 percent of BPJS-K-contracted hospitals were private.
This analysis, conducted by the U.S. Agency for International Development-funded Health Policy Plus (HP+) project and the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K), asked how private hospital capacity, utilization, and finances have changed since JKN implementation.
The analysis also assessed whether providers perceive reimbursement processes to be fair.
About Palladium
Palladium works with governments, businesses, and investors to solve the world's most pressing challenges.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
About TNP2K
The National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan or TNP2K) was created to promote coordination across ministries/agencies to improve the implementation of poverty reduction programmes, improve the living standards of the poor and vulnerable, as well as reduce inequality among income groups.
Palladium, Health Policy Plus, TNP2K (2018)
Results of a Survey of Private Hospitals in the Era of Indonesia's Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional: Impact of Contracting with National Health Insurance on Services, Capacity, Revenues, and Expenditure
Get The Resource
Why is it essential?
This analysis confirms growth in private hospital infrastructure in the JKN era between 2013 and 2016, with a significant decline in out-of-pocket spending at BPJS-K-contracted hospitals.
Indonesia’s national health insurance scheme (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or JKN) is a key element of the Government of Indonesia’s (GOI) commitment to ensuring equitable access to healthcare, especially for the poor and the near-poor. JKN’s contracting with private providers was expected to expand reach faster than simply working through the public sector. The single-payer agency for JKN, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial-Kesehatan (BPJS-K), contracts private clinics under capitation and pays hospitals through case-based groups. In September 2017, 60 percent of BPJS-K-contracted hospitals were private.
This analysis, conducted by the U.S. Agency for International Development-funded Health Policy Plus (HP+) project and the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K), asked how private hospital capacity, utilization, and finances have changed since JKN implementation.
The analysis also assessed whether providers perceive reimbursement processes to be fair.
About Palladium
Palladium works with governments, businesses, and investors to solve the world's most pressing challenges.
About Health Policy Plus
Strengthening and advancing health policy priorities at global, national, and subnational levels, the project aims to improve the enabling environment for equitable and sustainable health services, supplies, and delivery systems through policy design, implementation, and financing.
About TNP2K
The National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan or TNP2K) was created to promote coordination across ministries/agencies to improve the implementation of poverty reduction programmes, improve the living standards of the poor and vulnerable, as well as reduce inequality among income groups.
PSI (2016)
Results of a Survey of Private Hospitals in the Era of Indonesia's Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional: Impact of Contracting with National Health Insurance on Services, Capacity, Revenues, and Expenditure